| | 1 | Name: | Dr. Peter Galison | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 2005 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 303. History Since 1715 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1955 | | | | | | |
Peter Galison is a main shaper of new thinking in the history of science. He received his Ph.D. from Harvard University both in theoretical particle physics and in the history of modern science, and his wide-ranging expertise and innovative mind are evident in books such as How Experiments End, Image and Logic: A Material Culture of Microphysics, and Einstein's Clocks and Poincaré's Maps. Dr. Galison has also published essays on such diverse topics as the links between Bauhaus architecture and the philosophy of the Vienna Circle, and on the development of cybernetics. He has taught at Harvard University since 1992. He was the Mallinckrodt Professor of the History of Science and of Physics, 1994-2007, and is currently the Joseph Pellegrino University Professor. From 1982-92 he taught at Stanford University, where he was the recipient of a Distinguished Teaching Award. Dr. Galison's other honors include a MacArthur Fellowship and the Max Planck Research Award for International Cooperation. His latest work is a documentary film titled "Secrecy". Made with Harvard lecturer Robb Moss and screened at the Sundance Film Festival, it explores the complicated role that classified activity has played in American political affairs and in democracy at large. In 2018 he received the Abraham Pais Prize for History of Physics. | |
| 2 | Name: | Dr. Robert Mason Hauser | | | Institution: | University of Wisconsin | | | Year Elected: | 2005 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1942 | | | | | | |
Robert Mason Hauser became the American Philosophical Society’s new Executive Officer on June 12, 2017. He was born in Chicago and is a graduate of The University of Chicago and The University of Michigan. Among his mentors were two members of the APS, Otis Dudley Duncan and William Hamilton Sewell, Jr. Dr. Hauser is one of the preeminent quantitative sociologists of his generation. After two years at Brown University, he had a career of more than forty years at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He has made fundamental contributions to the study of social stratification in advanced industrial societies. Building on the work of Peter Blau and Otis Dudley Duncan, Dr. Hauser developed a model of intergenerational status attainment to challenge the idea that inequality stemmed primarily from differential rewards to human capital in the market. He has written more than 120 scientific papers. His two classic books with David Featherman showed that much of the inequality observed in the market originated in pre-market processes rooted in the family, which led to the intergenerational transmission of social status. His analytic framework, which became known as "the Wisconsin model," dominated sociological research on stratification for an entire generation. From 1968 onward, Dr. Hauser directed the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, a multi-disciplinary study of the life course and aging among more than 10,000 Wisconsin high school graduates of 1957. The sixth round of the study went into the field in 2011, and the WLS has become a major resource for investigators in the U.S. and other nations. His research has been supported by the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Hauser has variously served as Samuel Stouffer Professor, Hilldale Professor, and Vilas Research Professor of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. At the UW-Madison, Dr. Hauser has directed the Center for Demography and Ecology, the Institute for Research on Poverty, and the Center for the Demography of Health and Aging. He has held fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation, the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, and the Russell Sage Foundation and visiting professorships at the University of Bergen and Peking University. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1984) and the National Academy of Sciences (1984) and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Statistical Association, National Academy of Education, American Educational Research Association, the Gerontological Association of America, and the American Academy of Political and Social Science. He has mentored more than 50 doctoral students, and in 2002 he won the award of the American Sociological Association for distinguished contributions to teaching. In 2011, that association named its award for research in social stratification for Dr. Hauser. In 2017 Dr. Hauser completed a six-year term as the Executive Director of the Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education at the National Academies. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2005. | |
| 3 | Name: | Mr. Larry D. Kramer | | | Institution: | William and Flora Hewlett Foundation | | | Year Elected: | 2005 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 304. Jurisprudence and Political Science | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1958 | | | | | | |
In the fall of 2012 Larry Kramer became President of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, stepping down as Richard E. Lang Professor and Dean of the Stanford Law School. He graduated from Brown University in 1980 and the University of Chicago Law School in 1984. After law school, he clerked for Judge Henry Friendly of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, and for Justice William J. Brennan, Jr., of the United States Supreme Court. Dr. Kramer joined the faculty at the University of Chicago Law School in 1986, becoming a full professor in 1989. He left Chicago for the University of Michigan in 1990 and went from there to New York University in 1994. He became the Russell D. Niles Professor of Law in 2001 and the Associate Dean for Academics and Research in 2003. Dr. Kramer left NYU to assume the deanship of Stanford in 2004. He has written extensively in the areas of constitutional law and history, federal courts, conflict of laws, and civil procedure. He served as Reporter to the Federal Courts Study Committee, and before becoming dean, consulted regularly with the New York office of Mayer, Brown, Rowe and Maw. His current research interests are primarily in the areas of constitutional law and history. | |
| 4 | Name: | Dr. Anne O. Krueger | | | Institution: | Johns Hopkins University; Stanford University | | | Year Elected: | 2005 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 302. Economics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1934 | | | | | | |
Anne O. Krueger is professor of international economics at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Economics in Washington, D.C. She was First Deputy Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 2001 to 2006. Prior to joining the IMF, Dr. Krueger was the Herald L. and Caroline L. Ritch Professor in Humanities and Sciences in the Department of Economics at Stanford University. She was also the founding director of Stanford's Center for Research on Economic Development and Policy Reform and a Senior Fellow of the Hoover Institution. Dr. Krueger previously taught at the University of Minnesota and Duke University and from 1982-86 was the World Bank's Vice President for Economics and Research. She received her undergraduate degree from Oberlin College and her Ph.D. in economics from the University of Wisconsin. | |
| 5 | Name: | Dr. Robert D. Putnam | | | Institution: | Harvard University; Saguaro Seminar: Civic Engagement in America | | | Year Elected: | 2005 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 304. Jurisprudence and Political Science | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1941 | | | | | | |
Robert D. Putnam is Malkin Professor of Public Policy at Harvard. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the British Academy, and past president of the American Political Science Association. He has received numerous scholarly honors, including the Skytte Prize, the most prestigious global award in political science. He has written fourteen books, translated into more than twenty languages, including Bowling Alone and Making Democracy Work, both among the most cited publications in the social sciences in the last half century. His recent books include: (with David E. Campbell, 2012) American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us, which won the American Political Science Association’s 2011 Woodrow Wilson award as the best book in political science, and (with Shaylyn Romney Garrett, 2020) The Upswing: How America Came Together a Century Ago and How We Can Do It Again. He has consulted for the last three American presidents, the last three British prime ministers, the current French president, and hundreds of grassroots leaders and activists in many countries. He is now working on three major projects: (1) Inequality and opportunity: a growing class gap among American young people and the implications for social mobility; (2) The changing role of religion in the United Kingdom and the US; and (3) The social consequences of hard times in the United Kingdom and the US. He was awarded the 2012 National Humanities Medal by President Obama. | |
| 6 | Name: | Dr. Richard M. Shiffrin | | | Institution: | Indiana University | | | Year Elected: | 2005 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 305 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1942 | | | | | | |
Richard M. Shiffrin received his Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1968. Subsequently he joined the faculty at the University of Indiana as assistant professor, associate professor and professor. He became Luther Dana Waterman Research Professor in 1980 and director of the university's Cognitive Science Program in 1988. Dr. Shiffrin has played a major role in three research developments, each of which have placed him among the top rank of investigators in cognitive psychology. The first was the development of the first comprehensive computer model of short-term memory (with R.C. Atkinson). The model incorporated a critical distinction between memory structures versus control (mental strategies) processes, proposed an architecture for short-term memory, and provided mathematical derivations fit to extensive sets of experimental data. It set the theoretical framework and style for the major research in the psychology of memory up to the present. Dr. Shiffrin's second major contribution was a novel and incisive experimental method for distinguishing voluntary from involuntary attention. The method showed how automatic attention could be developed as a result of specific learning experiences, and it enabled the quantitative characterization of these two modes of attention. Dr. Shiffrin has also worked to develop and refine a network model for associative memory that integrates hitherto fragmented bodies of research on recognition and recall processes in memory into a single, coherent, computational theory. His masterful combination of mathematical modeling with experimental analyses has been a model for other investigators in all these fields. He continually evolves and refines the theory, more recently using a Bayesian framework for memory decision processes, and applying the theory to data from many studies of priming and implicit memory. His collected works must be considered one of the major contributions to modern theories of memory. A Guggenheim Fellow (1975-76) and recipient of the Merit Research Award from the National Institutes of Mental Health (1991-2001), Dr. Shiffrin was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1995. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2005. In 2018 he was awarded the Atkinson Prize. | |
| 7 | Name: | Dr. Anne M. Treisman | | | Institution: | Princeton University | | | Year Elected: | 2005 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 305 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1935 | | | Death Date: | February 9, 2018 | | | | | | |
Is attention involved in forming ordinary percepts of objects from the mosaic of color patches at the retina? Anne Treisman's thesis has been that attention is needed to bind together the component features of an object during early stages of visual processing. Without attention she showed they may be miscombined and mislocalized. Behavioral experiments and her fMRI studies provide strong supporting evidence. Another aspect concerns apparent motion: the illusory perception of continuous motion arising from temporally related but somewhat discontinuous visual events. Again, she showed that attention proves essential to that binding that is necessary to predict time paths of moving objects. Dr. Treisman was the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Psychology at Princeton University since 1995. She became emeritus in 2010. She also taught at Oxford University (1967-78), the University of British Columbia (1978-1986) and the University of California, Berkeley (1986-94). She received a D.Phil. From Oxford (1962) and was a member of the Psychonomic Society (governing board, 1985-89, chair 1988-89); the Royal Society (1989); the National Academy of Sciences (1994); and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1995). She was awarded the National Medal of Science in 2012. Anne Treisman died February 9, 2018, at the age of 82. | |
| 8 | Name: | Dr. Frans B. M. de Waal | | | Institution: | Yerkes Primate Research Center; Emory University | | | Year Elected: | 2005 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 305 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1948 | | | | | | |
At a time when animal behavior was classified as either instinctive or acquired through trial-and-error learning, Frans de Waal produced convincing evidence that chimpanzees jockey for status with cunning and strategic foresight. His observations of "chimpanzee politics" were documented with such care for detail, both qualitative and quantitative, that they greatly stimulated the cognitive study and interpretation of animal behavior. At the same time, Dr. de Waal reported how chimpanzees resolve conflicts, assist one another reciprocally and console distressed individuals. His research on peacemaking, tit-for-tat, and empathy has inspired a new approach to the study of animal behavior. To date, it has produced over 125 scientific publications on conflict resolution in animals and children and is in the process of replacing the traditional evolutionary view of "everyone for itself" with a postulate of shared interests among social animals and a consequent need for compromise and reconciliation. In his work, Dr. de Waal has skillfully translated novel ideas into testable hypotheses, leading to elegant studies in peer-reviewed journals, including Science and Nature. He has significantly raised methodological standards for the study of animal social behavior and is internationally recognized for his depiction of primates as complex social beings as well as his empirically supported opposition to the view that the natural world is necessarily ruled by selfishness. Dr. de Waal has directed the Living Links, Yerkes Primate Research Center since 1997 and has been Research Professor of Psychobiology at Emory University since 1991 and Charles Howard Candler Professor of Primate Behavior since 1996. Winner of the 1989 Los Angeles Times Book Award, he is the author of works such as Peacemaking Among Primates (1989); Good Natured (1996); Bonobo: The Forgotten Ape (1997); Chimpanzee Politics (1998); The Ape and the Sushi Master (2001); The Age of Empathy: Nature's Lessons for a Kinder Society (2009); The Bonobo and the Atheist (2013); Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are? (2016); and Mama's Last Hug: Animal and Human Emotions (2019). | |
| 9 | Name: | Dr. Mary Waters | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 2005 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1956 | | | | | | |
Mary Waters grew up in Brooklyn, New York and received a B.A. from Johns Hopkins University (1978) and an M.A. in sociology (1981), an M.A. in demography (1983), and a Ph.D. in sociology (1986) from the University of California, Berkeley. She has been in the Department of Sociology at Harvard University since 1986 as assistant professor (1986-90), associate professor (1990-93), professor (1993-) and Harvard College Professor (a named chair to honor excellence in teaching) (1999-2005) and Chair of the Department (2001-2005, acting Chair 2007), and M.E. Zukerman Professor of Sociology. In 2018 she was appointed the John L. Loeb Professor of Sociology. Professor Waters' research is in the fields of race and ethnicity, immigration and demography. She is co-director (with John Mollenkopf and Philip Kasinitz of City University of New York) of the New York Second Generation Project. This study examines the lives of the new second generation -- young adults whose parents were immigrants to the United States from China, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, Dominican Republic, the West Indies and Russia -- contrasted with samples of comparable native born whites, blacks and Puerto Ricans. This project, funded by the National Institutes of Health and the Russell Sage, Mellon, Ford, Rockefeller and MacArthur Foundations, includes a random sample survey of New York and its suburbs, in depth life history interviews with 350 young people, and seven ethnographic studies conducted throughout the city by a team of ethnographers. In 2002-03 a longitudinal element was added as these young people were re-interviewed as part of a large nationwide study of the transition to adulthood, part of the MacArthur Network on the Transition to Adulthood. The first book from this project, Becoming New Yorkers: Ethnographies of the New Second Generation was published in 2004.
Dr. Waters is also the co-editor (with historian Reed Ueda of Tufts University) of The New Americans: A Handbook to Immigration Since 1965 . This handbook updates the landmark Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups, which was originally published in 1980. She is also directing a multi-site qualitative study of the transition to adulthood in the contemporary United States. This study examines the process of leaving home, finishing education, beginning work, finding a partner and becoming a parent across a wide variety of racial, ethnic and immigrant groups, as well as across different regions of the United States.
Dr. Waters is the author of numerous articles and books on the subject of race, ethnicity and immigration. Her book, Black Identities: West Indian Immigrant Dreams and American Realities (1999) is the winner of the Mirra Komorovsky Award of the Eastern Sociological Society for the best book published in 1999-2000, the 2001 Otis Dudley Duncan Award of the Population Section of the American Sociological Association, the 2001 Thomas and Znaniecki Award of the International Migration Section of the ASA, the 1999 Best Book Award of the Section on Race, Ethnicity and Politics of the American Political Science Association, and the 1999-2000 Distinguished Book Award of the Center for the Study of Inequality at Cornell University. Her other books include From Many Strands: Ethnic and Racial Groups in Contemporary America (with Stanley Lieberson, 1988); Ethnic Options: Choosing Identities in America (1990); The New Race Question: How the Census Counts Multi-Racial Individuals (with Joel Perlmann, 2002); The Changing Face of Home: The Transnational Lives of the Second Generation (with Peggy Levitt, 2002); and Social Inequalities in Comparative Perspective (co-edited with Fiona Devine, 2004).
Professor Waters was a Guggenheim Fellow (1993-94) and a Visiting Scholar at Russell Sage (1991-92). She was a member of the National Academy of Sciences Panel on the Economic and Demographic Impacts of Immigration on the U.S. She has consulted to the Census Bureau and testified before Congress on issues of measurement of race and ethnicity and is a member of the U.S. Census Advisory Committee of Professional Associations. She is a member of the International Migration Committee of the Social Science Research Council and the Board of Trustees of the Russell Sage Foundation. She was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2005 and a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 2006. Mary Waters and her husband, Ric Bayly, have three children, Katie, Harry and Maggie. They live in Cambridge, Massachusetts. | |
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